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Editorial Comments 201
Correspondence 202
Method in Legal Instruction... 202
Contributions 203
La Carte de Tendre 203
A Word from O’Grady, . 205
Did Shakespeare Smoke? 206
Hadrian’s Ode to his Sou],/><;e/ry 207
Heimkehr, poetry 207
Ich Bin Dein,/^?^/rj’ 207
Geoffrey de Villehardouin 207
W^elcome, poetry 210
Class Reports 210
Feathers from the East Wing... 210
PAGE
Class Rcj)orls^-
Legal Briefs. 21 1
Arts Notes 212
Science, '^1, poetry 212
Comparative Medicine Class
Reports 213
Medical Class Reports 213
Class Notes — Junior Year 214
Societies 214
Y. W. C. A 214
Delta Sigma 215
Applied Science Glee Club 21
Y. M. C. A 21
Exchanges 216
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A Fortnightly Journal of Literature, University Thought and Event.
VOL. III. MONTREAL, MARCH 22, 1895. No. 12
^ EDITORIAL BOARD ^
£ditor-m-chief—UoMER M. Jaquays, B.A. (App. Sc. *96).
Secretary — Miss L. E. Armstrong (Donalda ’95).
C. H, Zink (Com, Med, and Ver, Sc, *95). Wm. Donahue, B.A, (Law ’96).
H, M. Kinghorn, B.A., M.D, (Grads. Soc.) E. Commins, B.A. (Med. ’95).
C. J. Hickson (Arts *95).
^ BUSINESS BOARD ^
E. B. Devlin B.A., (Law ’95), Chairman.
A. F. Edwards (Med. '96). Miss E. A, Hammond (Donalda ’96).
A. R. Holden, B.A, (Sc. ’95). J. C, Cutting (Com. Med. and Vet. Sc. *95).
A. E. Gordon (Arts *96).
The McGill Fortnightly is published by the Students of the University
on the Friday of every second week during the College Session.
The annual subscription is j^i.oo, payable strictly in advance. Remittance to
be made to the Chairman of the Business Board, 85 Union Avenue, Montreal.
Single copies may be obtained at Wm. Drysdale & Co.'s, E. M. RenouFs, Cyrus
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Address Contributions to Editor-in- Chief, 963 Dorchester Street, Montreal.
EDITORIAL COMMENTS.
With this, the twelfth and final number of the
third volume of the Fortnightly, the work of the
present editorial staff comes to a close. We leave it
to our readers to pronounce upon the success or the
want of success that has attended our endeavors,
only expressing the hope that their sentence will not
be a very severe one.
The difficulties to be overcome in conducting a
college journal are not small ; and if to us they seem at
least no less after than they did before our six
months’ experience, we may fairly say the same of
the imperfections which we have striven (often in vain)
to avoid. We are sure that none can be more alive
to the faults of the Fortnightly than are the Edit-
ors themselves.
In this connection, however, we have a suggestion
for those who follow us. The experience of this year
has led us to think that we might have lightened our
difficulties by (apparently) adding to them ; and that
what is really needed at McGill is two journals :
one in a serious, the other in a lighter vein. Of these.
the first would partake of the character of a review,
and would contain articles longer and more important
than it is possible to print under present conditions.
The second would depend for its contributions, solely
upon the undergraduates. We confess it does seem a
trifle chimerical to rely for support on an enthusiasm
which, in the case of too many, seems to culminate in
the yearly act of electing the editors, and declines
thereafter with such rapidity, that, though equal to re-
ceiving the paper during the year, it is quite unequal
to paying the subscription fee.
Still, we have great faith in the Undergraduates,
and attribute much of their apparent apathy to lack
of time and to hard work. And if they would but
remember the college paper in the holidays, and, each
one during his season of leisure, prepare something
for insertion during the coming session, there would
not be the slightest difficulty in carrying out the sug-
gestion that we have made.
This suggestion the Undergraduates should carry
out; and we venture to urge them to do so, not
merely for the benefit of the incoming board of
Editors, but for the credit of the FORTNIGHTLY and
of the University. For it must be borne in mind
that the college paper is looked upon not merely
as the outcome of the literary proficiency, or the
reverse, of its editors for the time being. It is
generally accepted as the measure of the literary
attainments of the Undergraduates of the University.
Thus, whoever, by his writing, helps to elevate the
standard of the paper, may have the satisfaction of
feeling that in addition to the advantage (and it is a
very real one) he himself derives in the proces.*?, he
is beginning to return, in a small way, some part
of the benefits which he is so freely receiving from
his Alma Mater. We could say more on this point,
but forbear.
We had hoped that, during the session, the privi-
lege would have been ours of e tending, on behalf of
the students, our greetings to a new Principal. This
duty, however, we leave to our successors. We had
even ventured (months ago) to hope that we should
have the opportunity of reviewing the new Song-Book.
This pleasure, too is in store for our successors ;
not perhaps our immediate ones, but we should
202
McGILL FORTNIGHTLY.
think certainly for our grandchildren. Indeed, vve
should not wonder if, by the time our grandchildren
come to college, a new edition of the Song-Book,
were required, for we learn that it is confidently ex-
pected that before very first proofs of the pro-
jected edition are expected.
In all seriousness, though we know that the Song-
Book committee has met with many formidable and
unexpected difficulties, we trust that not an hour s
unnecessary delay will now occur before the publi*
cation of the book.
Finally, it is with unfeigned regret that we take
leave of our readers, thanking them for their interest
in our journal, and reminding them, that though
editorial boards may come and may go, the FORT-
NIGHTLY looks to them, among others, to enable it
to go on prosperously for many years to come. And
our last word must be one of most sincere and hearty
%
thanks to the comparatively few, but all the more
valued, friends and contributors, to whose efficient
and ready assistance the FORTNIGHTLY owes in great
measure whatever of success it may, during rhe present
year, have obtained.
The Fortnightly will next year be under the
management of the following Board :
Editorial staff : —
R. T. Mullin, Law ’96 ; W. Mowatt, B.A., Med.
’96; J. C. Robertson, Arts ’96; Wm. MacDougall,
Sc. ’96; Winona Pitcher, Donalda ’96 ; Harry Dell,
Comp. Med. ’96.
Business Board : —
J. A. Cleland, Arts ’97 ; W. Proderick, Med. ’96;
R. A. Bell, Sc. ’97 ; M. Hutchinson, Donalda ’97 ; E.
N. Armstrong, Law ’97 ; J. J. McCarrey, Comp. Med.
’96.
CORRESPONDENCE
Method in Legal Instruction.
Editor Fortnightly : —
In last issue of the Fortnightly a paragraph
appeared, stating that the Faculty of Law contem-
plated adding a year to the Law course. From this I
infer that a deeper, more critical and exact know-
ledge of legal principles is needed, and that to
lengthen the course will remedy the defect, in the
judgment of members ^of the Faculty.
I do not share in such opinion. The defect I
believe to be fundamental, and the addition of one or
even two years would not effect the improvement
desired, I think if the methods of imparting a know-
ledge of the law were changed somewhat that a saving
in time would result more than equivalent to an ad-
ditional year with present methods.
A moment’s consideration. What a young lawyer
needs to possess when he comes to the practice of his
profession is, I believe, a knowledge of the law, where
to find it and how to use it. In McGill, about forty
courses of lectures in various branches of law are
delivered during the three year period, by eminent
professors, to the assembled students of all the Years.
Herein I find the first fundamental error : and while
making proper allowance for the undoubted ability
of the professors and the acknowledged cleverness of
the students, it is nevertheless quite beyond the range
of practical teaching to present the subject-matter of
the lectures, under these circumstances, in such a
manner as to insure the highest good or greatest pos-
sible progress equally to the members of the different
Years. Should the professor address himself to the
Third Year student, he talks over the heads of the First
and Second Years, and presently much time is con-
sumed in answering irrelevant and unimportant ques-
tions of inquiring minds, struggling with recondite
principles and unfamiliar technicalities in their vain
efforts to follow the lecturer. Or should he address
himself to the First Year student, immediately he loses
the attention of the other Years. Finally, in desper-
ation, a middle course is determined on, with the ob-
vious result that there is a preponderance of interro-
gation on the one hand and of restive indifference on
the other.
Law is a science, and should be studied as such.
Law is a growth, and its historical development
ought to be chronologically presented. The subject-
matter of law is Rights, and the natural unfolding of
it should be logically presented to the receptive legal
mind. Law is often found in tangled confusion, re-
quiring correct and appropriate diction to state, define
and disentangle. There is no science in which words
and forms of expression are more important than law.
Precision of definition and statements z. sine qua nofi.
Possessing it, one possesses the law ; not possess-
ing it, one has only the power of vainly beating the
air with uncertain words, which neither impress, in-
struct nor convince anybody. Applying this holding
to the course of study in question, I find there is no
adequate provision made for one to acquire that
readiness, fluency and precision of statement, without
which distinction in the profession of law is not pro-
bable. Why should one be compelled to wait until
admitted to the bar before being afforded an oppor-
tunity of addressing a court ? The other learned
professions are in a much better position — the teacher
learns by practice in the Normal School, the surgeon
in the dissecting room, the theologian in the subur-
ban chapel, but the young lawyer has no adequate
provision made for the discussion of legal subjects.
It is quite true that there is a Moot Court, but the
number of cases argued before that tribunal has not
McGILL FORTNIGHTLY.
203
averaged one for each student in attendance during
a period of three years — as a matter of fact, the major-
ity of students never address the court at all. Ye
one learns a great deal of law in working up even ^
single case, strengthening the grasp of genera) prin-
ciples, and increasing the power of accurate statement,
by such practice, more satisfactorily than in any other
way.
I w'ould therefore suggest, in lieu of a fourth year,
the establishing of a post-graduate course, offering a
Master’s degree for advanced work. A considerable
proportion of the time of post-graduates to be occu-
pied in directing the researches of undergraduates,
thus adding to the thoroughness of the three years,
course, besides carrying on independent original inves-
tigation in political science, history, government, etc.
The Moot Court should then be regularly consti-
tuted as a court of original and appellate jurisdictions,
holding weekly sessions, presided over by professors
and post-graduates. This would ensure each student
working up at least 10 or 12 cases, and arguing them
before the court. The services of an elocutionist
might, with very great advantage, be provided to
coach students in the art of speaking naturally and
effectively in public.
Lastly, I cannot understand how writing for “ dear
life,” taking notes, can be regarded as a very effective
aid to the study of law. Doubtless students should
be required to note references, holdings and general
principles, but anything more than this is an infringe-
ment upon the prerogatives of Bel Air or the Derby.
The Faculty could provide a stenographer, learned
in the law, from whom students could procure tran-
scripts of the essentials of lectures they had not fully
comprehended. To secure consecutive and contin-
uous work on the part of the student would be quite
an easy matter if the Moot Court and post graduate
course were organized as suggested. Another inher-
ent defect in the system at present followed lies in
the fact that the reading suggested by the professors
is not always done, there being no way of checking
the character and extent of the student’s reading.
Of course, the lectures themselves deal very fully, as
a rule, with the principles discussed in the advised
reading — English, French, and Roman Law being very
copiously drawn upon ; but, as is well known, it re-
quires extensive reading and deep contemplation to
appropriate those general principles of the science of
law which are absolutely essential to the furnishing of
the legal mind.
In conclusion, the changes suggested in this letter,
by which it is believed four years' work may be done,
and well done, in three, call for the co-operation of
the Governors in making the necessary appropri-
ations, the Professors in remodelling the course, and
the Students in improving their opportunities by con-
scientious application in their niastery of the work
assigned.
I think if we look about us to understand the spirit
of the age, we will be forced to conclude, that three
years is the utmost limit that can be reached, owing
in part to the necessary expenditure of time in pre-
paration for entrance, and to the active spirit of the
average youth, which makes him eager to enter the
lists to match his tact and skill and knowledge with
his peers in the keen race for place and power. In
the United States, in 90 per cent, of their law schools,
they have found it utterly impracticable to do more
than offer the third year as a post-graduate course.
And to some extent similar conditions prevail in
Canada.
In offering these suggestions I have been actuated
by none but the warmest sentiments of loyalty to my
Alma Mater, and I hereby acknowledge my admiration
for the Dean and Faculty of Law, whose profound
scholarship and eminent abilities are increasingly at-
tractive each year to the students of that science
“ whose seat is the bosom of God and her voice the
harmony of the world,”
Respectfully subscribed,
BANNELL SAWYER.
CONTRIBUTIONS.
LA CARTE DE TENDRE.
There are few things more pleasant than to rest a
moment from the rush and hurry of our nineteenth
century avocations, and turn to the records of by-
gone days, noting the quaint conceits to which the
imaginations of our far-off ancestors gave birth. In
Mediaeval days. Queen Eleanor and the Viscoun-
tess Ermengarde, Richard the Lion-hearted and
Alfonso of Aragon, with many less notable compan-
ions, presided over the Courts of Love, and decided
questions of great importance to the ladies and cava-
liers of those days. Once hearing an argument on : —
“ Do the greatest affection and liveliest attachment
exist between lovers or married persons.?” the Lady
Ermengarde, in an elaborate judgment, stated that
no just comparison could be established between
these two sentiments. In a more practical suit, in
which a lady sought to obtain damages for the felon-
ious taking of a kiss, the plaintiff was not only non-
suited, but condemned to furnish a supplementary kiss
in compensation for malicious prosecution.
In those early days it was in such idle recreations
only that the ladies, — God bless ’em, as the after din-
ner speaker says, — were recognized as the equals of
man. Their education was restricted to the most
elementary matters, and their horizon bounded by
the home. And even long after Moliere said :
204
McGILL FORTNIGHTLY
“II n’est pas bien honnSte, et pour beaucoup de causes,
“ Qu’une femme 6tudie et sache tant de choses.
“ P'ormer aux bonnes mceurs I’esprit de ses enfants,
“ Faire aller son manage, avoir I’oeil sur ses gens,
“Et rdgler la d^pense avec economie,
“ Doit etre son ^tude et sa philosophie. ”
It was this doctrine that Mile. deScudery endeav-
oured to combat, and in the face of which she won a
place in literature for woman. When the reunions of
I’Hotel de Rambouillet, where Mile de Scudery met
such persons as Conde, La Rochefoucauld, Scarron,
Corneille, Bossuet and Madame deSevigne, were dis-
continued about 1648, she gathered her friends about
her at her own house every Saturday, to cultivate the
literary and conversational talent of the day. It was
while these gatherings, known as Les Samedis, were
at their height that the ten-volume novel Clelie made
its appearance, and won her great renown. In it
many conversations that took place at Les Samedis
are chronicled verbatim ; and so earnestly was the art
of con versation studied both there and previously at
THotel de Rambouillet, that it is doubtful if the heavy
style of Clelie is even an exaggeration of what actu-
ally took place. The natural outcome of this studied
elaborate conversation was the stilted style that w'on
for less gifted coteries the name of Les Precieuses Ridi-
cules. Indeed, some critics assert that Moliere directed
the satire of Les Precieuses Ridicules against the ladies
of those two celebrated gatherings.
But my intention is to give a short account of that
curious essay in the growth of friendship, that appears
in Clelie under the title of Par ou ton pouvoit aller de
Nouvelle Aniitie a Tendre. The Carte de Tendre is an
almost indispensable complement to this translation,
but unfortunately the Editor tells me it will be impos-
sible to reproduce it in the FORTNIGHTLY. I am
therefore compelled to give you an idea of it by a
feeble description.
At the bottom of the map lies the town of Nouvelle
Amttte, horn which the various journeys start. Flow-
ing due north to La Mer Dangereuse is the River of
Inclination, on which is situated one of the three cities
of Affection, that is Tendre sur Inclination. A road
leading from Nouvelle Amitie to Tendre sur Estime lies
to the right or east of the afore-mentioned river, and
passes the towns Gf and Esprtt^ Jolts Vers^ Respect^ etc.
Near it, about half-way to Tendre, lies the Lacd'Indiffi-
rence, of which all travellers must beware. To the west
of the Riviere d' Inclmation lies the road to Tendre
sur Reconnatssatice passing the towns Complaisance,
Tendresse, Obeissance, etc. Farther east is the awful
sea of Enmity, of which you will read subsequently.
Beyond La Mer Dangereuse, into which the three
rivers Inclination, Esteem and Gratitude pour their
crystal floods, lies the Unknown Land, that was seldom
visited by the fair habitudes of Les Samedis.
I regret, dear reader, that you should be dependent
upon my poor description for your understanding of
this curious little map ; but if you add to it your
memories of the illustrations in Arnold’s Caesar, you
can in imagination picture the map I have before
me.
Plunging inmedias res, I will begin the translation
which will explain itself.
You doubtless remember, Madame, that Hermin-
ius prayed Clelie, to teach him how one might go
from Nouvelle Amitie to Tendre.
To understand design, you must notice that
she imagines that one can develop a tender affection
for another from three different causes. These causes
are Esteem, Gratitude or Natural Inclination. Ac-
cordingly she was obliged to place three towns
of Affection (Tendre) on three different rivers bear-
ing three different names, and make three different
routes to them. Again she supposes that Affec-
tion arising from Natural Inclination to be what
it is has need of no external aid, so she puts, as
you see, no village or stopping-place on the banks of
this river, for it flows so swiftly that in one short day
you are carried from Amitie to Tettdre.
(We in modern days call this falling in love at first
sight. The tender passion springs up unbidden, and
as a proof of spontaneous generation, without appar-
ent cause. For should we be asked why we love, we
can but answer ; —
And just because I do.
It is said to be a delightful sensation. But being
unversed in such things myself, I must refer you to
any Sophomore.)
But to go to Tendre sur EsHme is another matter,
and Clelie has ingeniously put as many villages on the
road as there are incidents either small or great that
combine to produce through esteem the affection of
which she speaks. You will see by referring to this
map that you must first pass a town known as Gratid
Esprit, because it is such an attribute that generally
gives birth to esteem ; you then reach in succession
the charming villages>/A Vers, Billet galant. Billet
doux, that stand for the ordinary procedure of great
minds in the beginning of a* friendship. (I under-
stand now why I have so often written pretty verses
and even Billets-doux to my friends.) The towns to
be passed subsequently before reaching Tendre are
Smcerite, Grand Ccvur, Probite, etc., all of which are
essential to an affection due to veritable esteem. .
Returning to Nouvelle Amitie, let us see how we
may reach Tendre sur Reconnaissance. First, you
C^^^^P^aisance, next to the little village
called Soumission, that is not far from another no less
attractive, Petits Soins. Thence you can easily pick
out your way to Constante Li-
to the delightful city, on the river of Gratitude
McGILL FORTNIGHTLY.
205
But on the last two roads are many dangerous
places, where the traveller must beware of straying.
For turning too far to the right when leaving Nou-
velle Amitie you will reach Negligence instead of
Grand Esprit t and be lost in the Lac d’lndifference
before your mistake is discovered.
Similarly, by going too much to the left you arrive
at Indiscretion 3.nd PerJidie, 2 Lnd ’ere long find yourself
on the rocky shores of the Mer cP Inimitie, where
many goodly vessels are wrecked.
So these different roads make it plain that only he
who has a hundred good qualities can expect to enjoy
title atnitie tendre ; and that he who has only bad qua-
lities can never have aught but hate and indifference,
(I beg to explain here that Tendre seems to be a Pla-
tonic affection of a very cultured class. It is certain,
as will be seen directly, that it was not intended for
Love, for that is the Unknown Land which Clelie
and her companions greatly dreaded. Further, it
would be ridiculous to suppose that one with bad
qualities only can never expect to excite that great
passion, especially so in face of the old Italian pro-
verb that “ Every man can find a dog, a horse and
a woman to love him.” )
Then, too, this wise young lady, wishing to have it
understood from this map that she had never loved,
and never intended to have anything warmer than a
friendly affection in her heart (we have met girls who
always say they will be old maids), interposes la Mer
Dan^ereuse between the last bounds of friendship and
the country beyond called Terres inconnues.
But to translate more of the text is scarcely neces-
sary, so I shall close this sketch with a word about
the real Carte de Tendre, for there was one that passed
from hand to hand among the habitues of Les Samedis,
to whom it gave no little amusement, although it is
said to have covered its author with ridicule. Many
of the members of Mile de Scudery’s talented coterie
contributed to the Gazette de Tendre, a paper that pro-
fessed to publish reports from the various towns on
the Carte de Tendre. Here, for instance, is a report
from Grand Esprit : —
“We are all anxious for the safery of an illustious
stranger, who, though he passed here some time
ago, has not yet reached Tendre. All that is defin-
itely known is that he made a short stay at Jolis Vers,
where he was well received ; that he spent a night at
Sincerite, and set out early the following morning
for Grand Cceur. Some say that, leaving the road,
he made his way across country to the Riviere
d' Inclination, on which he embarked. Others assert
that he crossed the river to A Soins, and pursued
his j ourney to lendre sur Reconnaissance. And a
few fear lest he should have strayed to Oubli and
thence to the Lac d' Indifference^
pour Constante Amitie : — >
“ Since the death of the lovely and generous Elise,
“ we have seen here only the amiable Arpasie, the
“ wise Agelaste, and a man born on the sea-coast.
“ But we do not despair of seeing others, for we are
“ assured that many travellers have set out for the
“ Empire de Tendref
Whether the Carte de Tendre did cover its author
or authoress with ridicule, and whether Mile de Scu-
dery and her companions at l’H6tel de Rambouillet
and Les Samedis were satirizing in Les Precieuses
Ridicules, matters little to us now. The world has at
last granted w'oman the place demanded for her by
the authoress of “ Cyrus" and Clelie ; and how much
we owe her who led the van of the vast army of female
writers can hardly be estimated.
WYDOWN.
A WORD FROM O’GRADY.
We ain’t with you, boys, this year,
But we hope your sky is clear,
An’ we guess, though we ain^t near,
McGill goes on the same.
Reckon, though we’re not around.
That your merry voices sound,
An’ the grass grows on the ground
Same’s it used to do.
S’pose you got the same old set
O’ professors round there yet,
An’ the same old jokes they get
Off on you as us.
S’pose you sing the same old song
With the same old voices strong
Till you hear the same old gong
Ringin’ in the prof.
S’pose collectors still appear,
Puttin’ students on their ear,
S’pose the coast is seldom clear
From them craft at all.
S’pose the freshmen op’n their eyes,
S’pose the sophomores are wise,
S’pose the seniors heave big sighs,
Thinkin’ of exams.
S’pose you got the same old gags
When the funny column lags.
An’ pretty much the same old wags
As we used to know.
S^pose the same old crib and text
Goes from one year to the next
Till the student gets perplext
At its marg’nal notes.
S’pose there’s now’ n’ again a crush
An’ the note* books go to mush,
S’pose the dear Donaldas blush,
Passin’ through the hall.
S’pose you got a poet roun’
Jis as good as Cap’n Goun,
Singin’ songs o’ autumn brown
An’ that sort o’ thing.
Cap’n. Goun.
MeGILL FORTNIGHTLY.
206
DID SHAKESPEARE SMOKE ?
Attention has often been drawn to the curious fact
that Shakespeare has not the slightest allusion to
the use of tobacco. The word does not occur in his
works. We have there plenty of tavern scenes, and
are introduced to innumerable persons who would be
sure to have indulged in the new Indian weed, the
fashionable nov^elty of the day ; but while reference
is frequently' made to the use of the wines drunk at
the table, to sherris-sack, canary, and the rest, it
would never be gathered from Shakespeare’s plays
that tobacco was even in use at his time.
This is remarkable on several grounds. Tobacco
was not only a novelty in Elizabeth’s time, but there
was an absolute rage for it. The gallants and men
about town made a display of their smoking as one
of the accomplishments becoming a gentleman, nor
did they confine the usage to their houses, or the
taverns, or the barges in which they took their plea-
sure on the Thames. They smoked where Shake-
speare would have been sure to have seen them.
They smoked in the theatres — nay, more than that,
they indulged in the luxury upon the stage itself!
Contemporaries inform us that it was the custom of
the gallants to sit on low stools on either side the
front of the stage, where they were supplied with
pipes and tobacco at the cost of sixpence apiece.
When, therefore, Shakespeare was upon the stage,
or superintending the production of any one of his
great dramas, he must have had the fumes of the
tobacco immediately under his nose, and have
experienced to the full the inconveniences of the
ridiculous custom. Strange, then, that no word
should have escaped him in regard to Raleigh’s
newly-imported luxury. Did he like it and smoke
himself.? Did he find it distasteful and refrain from
its use .? In the one case, we might have expected
laudation — in the other ridicule or open condemna-
tion. As it is, we find neither, and shall never know
what his views on the subject were.
Various attempts have been made to assign rea-
sons for the poet’s silence on this subject. It has
been urged with some plausibility that the smoking
of tobacco could not have been agreeable to Queen
Elizabeth, and we know that it was particularly
offensive to James I., who wrote a book about it.
Now, Shakespeare was both a courtier and a man of
business, and it is quite possible that on the one
hand he might have refrained from praises of a cus-
tom distasteful to the Court, and on the other from
condemnation of what was so acceptable to his cus-
tomers. These considerations might have influenced
him so far as panegyric or direct abuse were con-
cerned ; but it still remains curious that there is no
passing allusion, no indirect reference to tobacco or
the use of it. It remains singular that the wor is
never used.
What makes it more remarkable is that the works
of other writers of the time abound in allusions to
the then striking novelty. Ben Jonson is constantly
introducing it into his plays— though he was of the
two, perhaps, rather more intimately connected with
James I. than was Shakespeare. It is true that the
plays of the latter are alluded to as those
“ Which did so take Eliza and our James ”
But Ben Jonson was chosen by James to write the
Court Masques produced in conjunction with Inigo
Jones for the monarch’s delectation. James s avei-
sion to tobacco would therefore be more likely to be
shared by him than by his fellow-poet. How
strongly the king hated tobacco is shown in every
page of his “ Counterblast.” He denounced it as “ a
vile and stinking custom,” and assigns many reasons
for its disuse. Here, for instance, is a curious medi-
cal item : —
“ Surely smoke becomes a kilchen far better than a dining chambei,
“and yet it makes a kitchen also oftentimes in the inwaid parts of
“ men. soiling and infecting them with an unctuous and oily kind of
“ soot, as hath been found in some great tobacco-takers that, after
“ their death, were opened.”
There can be no doubt about the thoroughness of
James’s detestation, and Jonson, perhaps a more
adroit courtier than Shakespeare, in spite of his
reputation for blunt honesty, echoes the Royal utter-
ances.
Thus, in “ Bartholomew Fair,” he speaks of “ the
smoke of tobacco to keep us in mist and error ; ” but
it is quite open to question whether much that he
wrote was not covert satire.
It is difficult to believe that at the meetings of the
famous club at the Mermaid and at the Apollo,
neither Shakespeare nor Ben Jonson indulged in the
fragrant weed. The burly figure of Ben Jonson is
hardly complete to the imagination without being
wreathed in a cloud in the midst of jovial companions.
Smoking must have prevailed at these clubs, unless,
indeed, it was abstained from out of deference to the
ladies.
In the famous Leges Conviviales which he wrote
for the Apollo Club, and which were engraved in
marble over the chimney at the Devil Tavern, Tem-
ple Bar, we get as the twentieth law : —
Amaiorhs querelis, ac suspiriis liber angultts esto,
which in the current translation takes this form :
For generous lovers, let a corner be found.
Where they in soft sighs may their passions relieve.
There are on the whole many less interesting que-
ries in literary history than that which I have lightly
touched on — Did Shakespeare Smoke .?
H. M.
McGILL FORTNIGHTLY.
207
HADRIAN’S ODE TO HIS SOUL.
“ Animula, vagula, blandula,
Hopesque, comesque corporis,
Quae nunc abibis in loca,
Pallidula, rigida, nudula,
Nec, ut soles, dabis jocos? ”
Changeful, cheerful little soul !
Of this body, fellow, guest.
Now thou leavest here —for where,
Wan, wee Creature, chilled, bare ;
Nor, as erst, wilt have thy jest ?
R.M.H.
Quebec,
HEIMKEHR.
[From the German of Hermann Lingg.]
Once more I saw my native land.
To my old home I came,
I heard its songs, I breathed its air.
And yet, ’Iwas not the same.
The brooklet babbled as of yore,
The roe leapt in the brake,
The vesper bells rang soft ; the hills
Were mirrored in the lake.
I viewed the cot where, years ago,
My mother’s welcome dwelt,
I saw strange faces, all unknown —
A bitter pang I felt.
Methought the winds and waves cried out,
“ Begone for evermore !
For all that's dear has passed away,
Thou ne’er shalt see them more.”
ICH BIN DEIN.
In tempus old a hero lived,
Qui loved puellas deux :
He no pouvait pas quite to say,
Which one amabat mieux.
Dit illui-m6me un beau matin,
“ Non possum both avoir,
Sed si address Amanda Ann
Then Kate and I have war.
“ Amanda habet argent coin
Sed Kate has aureas curls :
Et both sunt very agathae^^
Et quite formosae girls.”
Enfin the youthful anthropos,
Philoun the duo maids.
Resolved preponere ad Kate
Devant cet evening’s shades.
Procedens then to Kate’s domo,
II trouve Amanda there,
Kai quite forgot his last resolves,
Both sunt so goodly fair.
Se smiling on the new tapis.
Between puellas twain,
Coepit to tell his love a Kate
Dans un poetique strain.
Mais glancing ever et anon
At fair Amanda’s eyes,
Illae non possunt dicere
Pro which he meant his sighs.
Each virgo heard the demi-vow,
With cheeks as rouge as wine.
And offering each a milk-white hand,
Both whispered “ Ich bin dein.”
« Dona."
GEOFFREY DE VILLEHARDOUIN.
Geoffrey de Villehardouin, the most ancient of the
French chroniclers, was by no means a writer by pro-
fession. He lived in a time of great political and
military movement, and, thanks to his birth and posi-
tion, he played no small part on the stage of contem-
poraneous event. A politician and a soldier, he was,
above all, a man|of action. It was only in his old age,
when he was established as marshal of Rou mania in
the conquered lands, which it was still necessary to
defend by the sword, that he devoted some of his
time towards dictating or writing the events through
which he had passed. And this he did in his own well
beloved dialect of Champagne, rude yet forcible.
This chronicle embraces a period of nine years, 1198-
1 207, and the best elements of his biography for thi s
time are furnished by it. Unfortunately the rest of
his life is almost entirely unknown to us. Some dry
indications of names and dates scattered thinly
through charters and letters of this time are about all
the sources from which we can gather any detail about
his youth and old age.
The date of his birth is unknown, but it seems to
have taken place some time about the year 1150. H is
last editor, Natalis de Wailly, has shown that he was
the youngest son ; who his father was is also unknown*
He was a vassal and high officer of the Count of Cham-
pagne, one of the most powerful feudatories of the
Crown of France. The Count of Champagne was said
to be able to levy on his own lands 2,200 knights.
Under so powerful a master the military dignity of
marshal conferred a position of real importance. How
he acquired it is unknown, but the bravery, intel-
ligence and firmness he displayed in the fourth Cru-
sade show that he merited not only the office of mar-
shal but also the reputation of being a diplomat. In
1197, Thibaut III succeeded his brother as Count of
Champagne, being then only 22 years of age, and he
bestowed upon Villehardouin all his confidence; but it
was principally when the Crusade preached by Foul-
ques de Neuilly, in the name of Pope Innocent III,
led towards the East almost all the nobility of France
that the Count of Champagne gave evidence of the high
esteem in which he held the marshal’s talents. The high
barons upon whose shoulders the fate of the expe-
dition rested, not being able to agree about the choice
of a route and other matters of importance, decided to
entrust to six delegates the arrangements necessary for
the success of the expedition. Villehardouin was one
of these commissioners. In the beginningof 1201 they
went to Venice as the greatest sea-power, to obtain the
necessary ships to convey the Crusaders to Egypt.
After long negotiations with the doge, the venerable
Henry Dandolo and the Councils of the Republic,
the conditions of the Venetians were agreed to, and
208
McGILL FORTNIGHTLY.
the envoys hastened to return to France ; but they
arrived just in time to see Count Thibaut die, and with
him the Crusaders lost their chief and Villehardouin a
revered master and friend. But he was not dis-
couraged, and we see him go seeking fora new com-
mander. After it had been refused by several, Boni-
face the marquis of Monferrat, was induced to accept
the chief command. At length the final arrangements
are completed, the marshal arranged his home affairs,
and left France, to which he never returned, in the
spring of 1202 for Venice.
There the complications commence, a good number
of the Crusaders for certain reasons have taken a differ-
ent direction, and Villehardouin is charged to go and
induce them to follow the larger party. Then the
Republic, creditor of the Barons, leads them to fi^lu
o
for Zara, and afterwards they are taken to Constanti-
nople, to overthrow an emperor and place a deposed
prince upon the throne. Many of the Crusaders be-
come irritated, and wish to fulfill their vows ; Villehar-
douin, however, is frightened at nothing but the pos-
sible desertion of the malcontents. H e is one of those
who preferred the lucrative conquest of Constanti-
nople to the more vain glorious one of Jerusalem.
Before Constantinople the marshal displays great
bravery, and when the re-established emperors refuse
to fulfill their promises to the Crusaders, the Barons
send them, according to the feudal method, a defiance
of war, and Villehardouin with two others carry this
declaration to their palace, narrowly escaping being
put to death for their temerity. The war thus breaks
out again, and the Crusaders decide to take possession
of the Empire and divide it as a legitimate booty.*
Villehardouin is created Marshal of Roumania, and
holds one of the most imporant places in the court of
Baudoin of Flanders who has been proclaimed em-
peror ; and when Boniface of Montferrat quarrelled
with the new Caesar, it is Villehardouin who succeeds
in reconciling them. And in 1205, after the disaster
of Andrinople, in which battle the emperor was
defeated and taken pri.soner, he showed his military
genius by his masterly retreat through an insurgent
country to Rodostoc.
Under the emperor Henry, brother and successor
of Baudoin, the authority of the Marshal increased,
and he became his chief adviser, and in 1207 we find
him going to bring the Emperor’s affianced wife, the
daughter of the Marquis of Montferrat, to Constanti-
nople. From this time the traces of Villehardouin
commence to disappear from history. About 1209.
when the Emperor was making his way towards
Greece, the Marshal was left in command at Constanti-
nople. And here he suddenly disappears from our
eyes, and the remainder of his life is buried in mys-
tery. That he died about the year 1213 seem cer-
tain.
It is without doubt from the year 1207 to 1213 that
Villehardouin, in moments of leisure, composed his
Memoirs, as they may be called, for he relates scarcely
anything in which he has not taken part or of which
he has not been a witness.
The history of Villehardouin was appreciated from
the moment it was written, but each generation in
transmitting the work disfigured the text. But thanks
to the work of Du Cange de Bual, and especially of
his last editor, Natalis de Wailly, the text has been
restored to somethng like its original clear! ness
The time of action is the end of the twelfth cen-
tury. The Pope Innocent III causes a Crusade to be
preached though all Christendom. It was to be the
fourth. France was aroused by the voice of Foulques,
the old but illiterate cure of Neuilly. The Counts of
Champagne, Blois Flanders and Saint Pol, yo ung,
fiery and ambitious, vow to deliver the Holy Land,
and almost the whole nobility of France followed their
example. But when the pilgrims arrived at Venice
they found they were unable to pay the sum required,
and were consequently led to the capture of the city
of Zara for the Venetians. They spent the winter in
Dalmatia, and while here it was that the embassy of
the Prince Alexis Comnenus arrived. Isaac, father of
Alexis and Emperor of the East, had been overthrown
and imprisoned by his brother, and Alexis wishes the
Crusaders to re-establish the deposed monarch. The
most seductive promises are made, such as the union
of the Greek and Latin Churches, large sums of money,
and co-operation in the Crusade. The Chiefs, despite
the opposition of a large number of the pilgrims, sign
the treaty. Immediately desertion commences, but
they set sail, and succeed in arriving in the Darda-
nelles and casting anchor at three leagues from the
immense C3.pit3.1 on the 23rd June, 1203
Constantinople is taken, and the Crusaders demand
their profit; but the Emperors delay, and finally refuse
the payment, and consequently the late allies are to
fight with one another. But before they commence,
Murzuphles,m January, 1204, overthrew and killed
Isaac and Alexis, and caused himself to be crowned
emperor. But he is unable to defend his capital
and m April, 1 204, he is forced to fly. Constantinople
IS sacked, and, for the third time since the arrival of
the Crusaders, delivered up to the flames
Baudoin, Count of Flanders, is now elected emperor
w.th one-fourth of the capital and one-fourth of the
land the rest to be divided equally among the French
and Venetians, which they were to hold In feudal
tenure, and for a moment it seemed as if the Latin
Empire in the East would prosper. But the Emperor
audoin was taked prisoner, and slain by John, kin.r
of Bulgaria, who had been called in to repel the ii°
bufth' was declared emperor,
alpitak”*’"'' ‘han
McGILL FORTNIGHTLY.
From this point the work of Villehardouin is nothing
but the recital of military movements ; but we are able
to distinguish a central idea, and it is that the Greeks
of Europe, so horribly treated by their ally John of Bul-
garia, now tend to become reconciled with the Latins.
The cities close their gates against the Bulgarians, and
John is forced to retreat.
The power of the Emperor Henry also increased
greatly by his marriage in February, 1207, with the
daughter of Boniface of Montferrat, the most powerful
and least docile of his vassals, and shortly after a very
cordial meeting takes place between Henry and Boni-
face, where they agree upon future military operations,
but Boniface was not fated to appear at the appointed
place. He had hardly returned to Messinople when
a horde of Bulgarians commenced to devastate the
country around. Upon hearing this, he sprang to
horse without armour, and flew against theenemy; but
pursuing them too far, he was wounded, and died soon
after. It is with this tragic incident that Villehardouin
suddenly and somewhat abruptly closes his work.
Why is unknown, whether at this point his courage
failed him to relate subsequent events, or, what appears
more probable, his hand was stopped by death.
And now we come to consider the historical value
of the work. The first duty of a historian is exact-
ness, and no one has been able to be more exact than
Villehardouin. Concerning the fourth Crusade, he
was in a position better than any other person, thanks
to his birth and his rank, to see and hear all matters
and to give them to posterity. The public and secret
motives and councils of this singular enterprise were
alike known to him. From the beginning to the end
he took part in all the battles and in all the Councils.
A man possessing the confidence of the Count of
Champagne, and later of the Marquis of Montferrat,
the chief of the expedition, a high dignitary of the
Empire under Baudoin and Henry, a personal friend
of the doge Dandolo, a military genius and a consum-
mate diplomat, he could be ignorant of nothing, be-
cause they could have no secrets from him. If then
he has erred in his history, it is but just to affirm that
it was not through ignorance.
We must acknowledge that he does not state a
single fact which is not true, but it is not sufficient for
the historian to tell the truth and nothing but the
truth, he must also tell the whole truth. To tell with-
out fraud a part of what one knows and to retain the
rest may be prudent when one is not quite .sure of
having acted well, but it has the effect of falsifying
history, and of this we must accuse Villehardouin.
The Pope Innocent III caused a Crusade for the
delivrance of Jerusalem to be preached. \\ hy and
How was the expedition turned from its end ? Ville-
hardouin knows the reason well, but his explanations
are entirely insufficient. He does all he can to con-
209
vince us that it was an accident, that it was not in
question before the end of the year 1202 when the
pilgrims were at Venice. But he is obliged to ack-
nowledge that from the moment of the proclamation of
the Marquis of Montferrat as the leader of the expedi-
tion, a large number of Crusaders, instead of joining
him, take their own way straight to Jerusalem. And,
again, why does not our chronicler tell us a word of
what happened between the acceptation of the com-
mand by Boniface and the reunion of the army at
Venice, that'is, from September, 1201, to June, 1202?
It is because duringthis time the intrigue was perfected
which was to lead the expedition to Constantinople.
He passes in silence the fact that Alexis, escaping from
the prisons of his uncle, came, in 1201, to Philip of
Swabia, and obtained from him a promise of support
in the task of replacing Isaac on the throne, that
Boniface the cousin of Philip possessed all his confi-
dence, that he went to confer with him at the end of
I20t, and received horn him the mission of conquer-
ing the empire with the aid of the Crusaders in the
name of the young prince; and that, in order to justify
in the eyes of the Pope the change in the direction
of the Crusade and the attack of a Christian state,
they both advanced the long desired submission of
the Greek Church to the Latin, and that first Alexis
and then Boniface went, in the beginning of 1-202,
to propose the affair to Innocent III, but he, thinking
of nothing but Jerusalem, and wishing to owe nothing
to his German adversary, refused to countenance the
affair, and that his refusal must have been known to a
large number of the Crusaders.
In September, 1202, they were at Venice, but the
desertions were so many that the army threatened to
disperse, and, in order to ensure against this, they put
them on board ship and set sail for Zara, Avithout in-
forming them that the chiefs have already decided to
go to Constantinople, and were negotiating in this
view a treaty with Philip of Swabia. But they
are careful to spend six weeks in a journey which
ought to occupy but two days. And why is this
Villehardouin wishes to say nothing about it. It is
to have time to conclude this treaty, and to attempt
once more to obtain the Pope’s consent ; it is also to
gain the winter, — an excellent pretext to postpone
the departure for Jerusalem till next spring, Boniface
remained behind “ for business which he had,” as our
chronicler tells us simply. This business was the voy-
age to Rome, where he fails once more before the in-
flexible will of Innocent. The Pope even severely
condemns the expedition against Zara,and enjoins the
Crusaders to move at once to the Orient. But of all
this, not a word in Villehardouin.
And again in January, 1203, when Boniface rejoins
the army in Dalmatia, and submits the proposition of
attacking the Greek empire to the barons and prelates,
210
McGILL FORTNIGHTLY.
our author satisfies himself with recording in scathing
terms the desertion of Simon de Montfort and a large
number of the Crusaders, without stating the cause ;
and to prevent the total dispersion of the army, they
are hastily embarked and taken to Corfu in April,
1203. At this point Boniface receives a bull of ex-
communication from Innocent III, forbidding him to
attack the Greek empire. He simply keeps this un-
opened, and claims the approbation of the Pope. All
these circumstances are carefully omitted by Ville-
hardouin. At Corfu, where it is absolutely necessary
that a choice of direction be made, the project is
finally disclosed to the army, and this is the reason
why in this island the army threatens to desert en
masse. Villehardouin simply states the fact without
explaining it. He also states that the army was in-
duced to persevere by the prayers and tears of the
marquis and great barons. What he does not state
is that a new treaty has been concluded with Alexis,
by which it was possible to promise the lords of infe-
rior degree enormous sums of money, and it was cor-
ruption more than persuasion which induced the Cru-
saders to follow.
But let us not exaggerate, although Villehardouin
knew from the beginning that the question was not of
delivering Jerusalem but of attacking Constantinople,
itdoes not follow that he had taken his vows withlevity,
and broke them unscrupulously. He was not of a char-
acter nor did he belong to an age that looked upon
heresy lightly and played with bulls of excommunica-
tion. He might very well have thought that this devia-
tion would not cause the abandonment of the Crusade,
— quite the contrary, it might furnish an excellent
base of operations against the Holy Land. But once
Constantinople taken and the Empire divided, Jeru-
salem was gradually put off until entirely forgotten,
for that which was worth while taking was worth while
preserving.
As for their vows, they undoubtedly thought them-
selves free from them, for had they not brought the
Greek Church under the domain of the Latin, and
what could the Pope say against them } Nor were
they troubled with any qualms of conscience about
forcing a people to accept their form of belief, for in
that age religious persecution was allowable. Ville-
hardouin does not therefore grow indignant over the
sack of Constantinople, over the thousands slain, the
treasures pillaged, the works of art destroyed, the
bronze statues melted down for the metal in them.
It is the fortune of war. But he does grow indignant
over the fact that the victors did not bring their spoils
to be justly divided, and records with satisfaction the
punishment which overtook some who were found
out.
From all this it can be seen that Villehardouin
was neither a saint nor a philanthropist, but he was
by no means a fortune-hunter. A loyal and brave
soldier, the first duty for him was faithfulness to the
flag, and in him we see developed to the highest
degree the sentiment of feudal obligations, and no-
thing, not even the fear of excommunication, is able to
induce him to desert his lord.
This sentiment explains his unjust severity against
those who left the army and went to Jerusalem on
their own account, and the evident satisfaction with
which he records their misfortunes, and from this we
can judge how much more severely he will treat those
that deserted the army through pure cowardice and
those who were guilty of treason.
It will thus be seen that Villehardouin was a man of
honour, a loyal and brave soldier, by no means ahead
of his time, for he has all the outward marks of an
age renowned for its intolerance. He was an astute
diplomat, and not at all what he is sometimes made
out to be — simple and artless. But it is for the severe
simplicity of his historical writings that we are chiefly
indebted to Geoffrey de Villehardouin.
A. LEVY.
WELCOME.
READ AT THE ARTS CONVERSAZIONE.
Friends of McGill, we welcome you to-night,
McGill, our mother, welcomes you ; and we.
Her sous and daughters, welcome you. Ye come
In pleasure’s livery, with smiles and words
Of cheerfulness and looks of gaiety,
Bringing an atmosphere of social light
Into these .shades of learning, shedding joy
Athwart the sombre tenour of our life.
We welcome you ; though not with pomp or shout,
Or flight of eloquence, or peal of song,
Or full harmonic blast of instruments,
Yet with a true heart welcome, and the trust
That by this bright and genial interchange
Of serious and glad thought and sparkling wit
And gracious soul -sprung courtesy, both you
And we may be refreshed, deriving hence
New strength, and what is more than strength, because
The source of greatest strength, new happiness ;
That thus our sev’ral pathways we may trace
With more of light and sweetness, hope and joy.
W. M. Mackeracher.
CLASS REPORTS.
“FEATHERS FROM THE EAST
WING.”
We are sorry we must say good-bye to the Fort-
nightly for this session. It has very patiently pub-
lished our halting “poems ” and foolish sayings, while
its more classical publications have considerably
broadened our college spirit.
It is hard to realize that now for six months we
won’t feel obliged to thrust “just something I wrote ”
McGILL FORTNIGHTLY.
21 1
into our editors hand, and then later tremulously
seize the paper to see how it reads ; or not finding it,
read other people’s and wish we could write as they
do. Though missing it sorely during those six
months, the time need not be lost in idle regrets, but
be it ours to so improve in literary style that next
year this column will be noted for the choice char-
acter of its productions.
Although the feathers from the Gymnasium have
not been as frequent as one might expect from the
amount of energy expended there, yet the work has
been going on satisfactorily. One or two of the mem-
bers have found that two lessons were as much as
they could manage ; but those who faithfully attended,
at least once a week, have been amply rewarded.
Wonderful feats reach our ears of one who aspires to
the “ Clouds,” and of another who, although she
endangered the lives of those around her by the wild
swinging of clubs at first, now manages them so skil-
fully as to inspire wonder instead of dread. Much
more could be said, but people will never see what
is for their good. How can those over studious
Donaldas, who pore over their books “ from morn till
dewy eve, ” fail to sacrifice Library for Gymnasium,
when they see the elastic step, graceful carriage and
beaming faces of those bright maidens as they come
late for lectures, with the gay question : “Why weren’t
you at the Gym } ”
By attending the Normal School Class on Wednes-
day afternoons they show their appreciation to Miss
Barnjum for her thoughtful arrangement, in thus
making up for the hours missed owing to the inter-
ference of lectures.
OBSERVER.
LEGAL BRIEFS.
This is the last issue of the Fortnightly.
Whiskers. — Very quietly and very cautiously a
club has been organized in our midst, — the Law
Whisker Club. We don’t quite understand why so
much secrecy was observed in organizing the same,
as we approve ourselves of whiskers. However, it is
not less interesting on that account, and the few facts
which have filtered through to our profane ear we
take pleasure in making public.
It is not as generally known as it ought to be that
we have in the Faculty of Law a half dozen as fine
and glossy sets of whiskers as anyone could wish to
look'lipon. They range all the way from virgin, un-
razored pen feathers to the stiff and wirey beard of
ten years standing ; and all shades, from delicate
blond to the wildest of North of Ireland red.
i4 Whiskers are generally approved of among us.
They give a sort of dignity outstanding to the Fac-
ulty. Besides, they offset the somewhat unseemly
frivolity of the younger contingent. A formidable
whisker thrust in among a laughing group of three
or four has a very restraining and subduing effect.
However, the be-whiskered league have assembled
in secret conclave, and held their first meeting. We
cannot ascertain exactly what passed at that meet-
ing'. We believe, however, that a North-of-I reland
red was voted to the chair, and that a serious discus-
sion arose as to whether their bearded brethren on
the Professional staff should not be admitted to the
cliarmed circle. It was objected that the presence of
these latter would have a too sobering effect on the
club, and would deprive them of half the fun ; and,
besides, they would monopolize all the best offices
It was decided, therefore, to keep them out.
We are rather curious to know how the club is go-
ing to occupy its time at the periodical meetings.
Will they bring brush and comb, and have a sort of
mutual general scrubbing up .!* We can restrain our
curiosity, however, and rest content so long as we
know that they will keep their whiskers in good re-
pair so far as we, the public, are concerned, so long,
in a word, as they keep the cobwebs out of them in
the spring-time, cracker crumbs in the summer, dead
leaves in the autumn, and give them lots of good
ventilation in the winter.
Owing to the term of the FORTNIGHTLY having
expired, we will not be able to chronicle the doings
of this interesting society, but we wish them unlimited
success. Vive la barbel
In a recent issue of this Journal we noticed a short
but clever tale from the pen of Mr. Bond of ’97.,
Most of the boys missed that, but it is well worth
looking back for. Mr. B. has not said so, but we are
pretty sure from its tenor that the tale was evolved
during his nightly lucubrations upon the Criminal
Code.
The following appointments have recently been
made in our Faculty : —
Athletic Association. — Messrs. William Donahue
and Frank Bickerdike.
P'ORTNiGHTLY for ’97 — Messrs. Robt. T. Mullin
Editor, and Edgar N. Armstrong, Business Board.
And now ye Classe Reporter maketh his parting
bowe. As we stated above, this is the last issue of
the College paper for this session, and consequently
our pleasant Fortnightly scribble to the class here
comes to an end. Of course we feel a little lonesome
over it. We well remember that afternoon last fall
when we were appointed by the class to push the re-
portorial quill, and with what energy we set about it ;
how we circulated among the boys in search of news.
212
MCGILL FORTNIGHTLY
and came home and rolled up our sleeves and pro-
ceeded to brief it. We don’t do that now. We got
past that stage very soon.
We ought to thank the boys for the numerous
items that have been sent in from time to time for this
column. It has lightened our labours greatly. We
don’t know what we would have done but for those
fortnightly budgets. We do not mean to be sar-
castic — how could we in this solemn moment of part-
ing.
We have tried to “ follow the year through all its
joys and woes ” according to promise — to keep our
finger on the Faculty pulse, to record the Faculty
temperature, so to speak, according to the pressure
of events, great and small.
We have olten during the session admired the
good nature of the class, especially the First Year. We
have not been clubbed for a single joke during the
whole term. The First Year never get “ viled.” They
are good fellows every one, and have sense enough to
know that their Year is lawful game.
We regret that the Class Reporter for next session
is not appointed till the fall. We would like to draw
him aside l^and give him some kind and fatherly ad-
vice. We would like to point out the great men who
have preceded him in this capacity, and exhort him
to follow in their footsteps, and to do his level best to
keep up this legal corner. But we will wait.
Well, really, must we part } Has it come to that ?
Here we pause to wipe away a tear. It is very pathe-
tic. Farewell !
ARTS NOTES.
Some stories of the Conversazione are still rife
among the students.
Scene I.
6 7rat<? avveTreae evdvpcov^lcoXaovo)
Donaldam pulcheriimam in prime anno.
Ausiitot qu’il la voit il lui donne tout son coeur;
But when he went to seek for her
He found she’d sought the dour.
Scene II. He finally found her, and talked shop.
Latin verse, etc.
This is what he wrote on his programme : Si alius
alicui oscula feret mini aliam Here necesse erit
How the lecture ended. —
Shrove Tuesday morning.
Prof . — “ Messieurs, vous apprendrez les trois pages
suivantes pour demain.”
Student on front bench. — “ But, sir, there are no
lectures to-morrow.”
Prof . — ” Comment cela, monsieur? ”
Voice from backbench . — “ Oui, monsieur, e’est mer-
er edi Ash!"
The class breaks up in confusion.
The class of ’97 has lost temporarily through sick-
ness one of its brightest members. Mr. J. C. Bruce
was compelled to be absent from lectures for a few
days, and finally had to go to his home in Huntingdon,
P.Q. We miss him from our ranks, and hope for his
speedy return in full health to resume his studies.
SCIENCE ’97.
’Twas in September ’93
They crowded in so blythe and free
And filled the noisy corridors,
Whose hard wood walls and slippery floors
Resounded to their shouts of glee.
Yes, Twas September ^93,
They were the jolliest lot of boys
That ever met to make a noise ;
They broke the windows, smashed the chairs,
And pitched the Second Year downstairs,
They filled with awe and wholesome fear
That sluggish, studious Second Year.
The Artsmen scurried off like rats
Invaded by a band of cats.
They jumped thro’ windows, broke thro’ doors.
Got on the roof or ’neath the floors,
Hibernian William feared the strife
So got insurance on his life,
And then with quaking knees he found
A musty cellar underground
In which he stowed himself away,
To weep and fast and swear and pray.
’Twas in September ’94
Each man came back a Sophomore ;
The exams had thinned their ranks, ’tis true,
For those who fell were not a few ;
But all the rest came back in state
To wage a war on ’98.
The verdant freshies burned more green
Whene’er a Sophomore was seen ;
They quaked within their shoes, and ran
Before a ’97 man.
One took hysterics, one they say
Fell in a faint and passed away.
Because he thought that his new gown
Would be torn off and trampled down.
But soon they rallied from their fright
And scowled on us as black as night.
They thought of vengance dire and deep
To slaughter us like timid sheep.
So on this plan they soon did fix.
To lather us with hockey sticks.
But airy castles soon will fall,
Air’s not the stuff to make a wall,
Their castle crumbled and fell down.
For *97 did them brown.
But who, yon ask, who, who, are they
Who scared the Artsmen all away
And filled stout William’s heart with fear
And paralysed the Second Year ;
Inspired with dread and fear and hate
The verdant year of ’98 ?
Ah ! then I answer you their name
Is graven on the page of fame ;
’ I is stamped across the dome of heaven,
And reads thus : Science 97.
For daiing feats each man is known
From Arctic pole to torrid zone.
Achilles, Hector, Hercules
Were but small fry compared to these.
‘ * I
McGILL FORTNIGHTLY
213
In Histories which you have read
And crammed the contents in your head,
I ask you have you run upon
A character like “baby John.”
Or traversing ethereal skies,
Did ere you strike on Paradise ?
Or, tell me if you ere have seen
A man with hair like our M — B — n,
Or smiler ” with Ais weight of hair,
Protruding jaw and stony stare.
Who curled his lip at sneer and scoff
But yet — he got his wool mowed off.
If ere you meet our man from Hull,
Just gauge the thickness of his skull.
His whisker has developed fast,
I wonder if it’s going to last.
Out on the street you’ll sometimes hear
A voice befogged by too much beer
Shouting in tones that hurt your ear ;
“ I say, old man, Hap-py-New Year.”
And if you chance the face to see
You’ll see a face that well might be
A cherub’s wreathed in smiles so s\veet
That's Pete.
If you should meet a six inch grin
Supported by a dowmey chin
0 ertopped by straggling milk-white hair,
That is the Glee Club’s secretaire.
We’ve “ Bells ” enough to make a chime,
1 merely put them in this rhyme
To let you know a bit of fiction.
Our Dickey ” boxed five rounds with Dixon.
The Bells” are yet quite young, they say.
They’ll “miners ” be for many a day.
Of “ Newcom(b)ers ” we’ve quite a lot
There’s “ Wilkie ” and there’s smiling Gott,
And then the Lord High Chamberlain
Who always makes his presence plain.
Now, really, we must make an end
Of all the stuff that we have penned.
So lastly I would beg to say,
And then I’ll close without delay.
We’ve got an “angel” in our class.
The only thing we lack's an ass.
COMPARATIVE MEDICINE CLASS RE-
PORTS.
Two new members will be present on the Board
of Examiners, both graduates of this College. They
are : Dr. Frank Miller ’87, and Dr. J. M. Parkin ’89.
Dr. J. W. Gladden and Dr. A. W. Harris ’80, will be
present as usual.
“Jack,” Comparative Medicine’s mascot, has posed
successfully for a photograph. Not least among the
friends of whom we regret to take leave stands ever
friendly Jack,— always sympathetic, always ready to
lend a willing ear to all the troubles of the student.
We hope the succeeding classes will jealously guard
his good name and make happy the remaining years
of his life.
That bad habit of the horse “ cribbing ” always
receives particular attention from the professors at
this time of the session. It must be that they consi-
der it communicable from horse to man.
Beware of the man who promises to send his pho-
tograph in exchange.
The elections for our representatives on the FORT-
NIGHTLY Board resulted as follows : —
Hard Dell ’96, Editorial Board ; J. J. McCarrey,
’96, Business Board.
Mr. Hilliard, ’97, was suddenly called to his home
in Manitoba, on account of sickness in the family.
This year has seen many records broken in this
Faculty, but the grand climax was reached when the
treasurer of the Third Year reported a balance of
several dollars in the treasury.
The first re-union of the Class of ’95 will be held
fifteen minutes after Convocation, when the Ways and
Means Committee will report plans for obtaining a
livelihood during the ensuing year. Other important
matters will be discussed informally.
Dr. Baker’s presence has been missed very much
by the students. We all wish him a speedy recovery
to good health.
MEDICAL CLASS REPORTS.
“ Embryotomy ” on young House Surgeon exam-
iners is not yet considered as a justifiable operation.
However, if many are plucked from the Fourth Year, a
council will probably be called to consider the matter,
and if possible the operation will be placed on re-
cord with instructions how to perform it satis-
factorily.
For every man to yet “ his deserts,” as is wished
to the candidates for degrees, a few M.R.C.S.’s would
be in order. There are some, however, who think
that an M.D. C.M. will suffice.
There was a sound of revelry among the Medical
students on last Friday morning, and while it lasted
the fun was fast and furious. An old faithful servant,
who has been identified with the interior material
workings of the College for the past twenty-five years,
was rewarded for the assiduous care and friendly ad-
vice which he had extended to those who had to a cer-
tain degree been placed under his fatherly care.
Always ready and willing to assist the student in his
various troubles, it was but meet and right that a due
acknowledgment of the eminent services which James
Cook had rendered to the Medicos should be made
214
McGILL FORTNIGHTLY
in some form or another. Ten o’clock was the hour
at which the festivity began. The students, who had
congregated in one of the large class-rooms of the new
wing, slowly marched down the long staircase, where
“ Cook ’’ w'as waiting his martyrdom. A stretcher was
quickly procured, and, amid such huzzas and applause
as the cleverest politician might have envied, the sub-
ject of the merriment was hastily placed thereon and
conveyed upstairs. Meanwhile, down in the base-
ment, busy hands were arranging the gift. Into a
large sack, which had previously been filled with saw-
dust, was emptied about thirty dollars in copper coin.
The*bag was further ornamented with fancy decora-
tions, and tied with the College colors. Upon its
arrival in the class-room the presentation took place,
an address breathing the gratitude and good-will of
the students being read by Mr. A. S. McEvoy. The
flowery sentiments which it contained closed with the
hope that “ Cook ” would “ accept as a token of their
esteem a few dixoid specimens of Lake Superior ore.’’
When the applause had subsided, “ Cook ” addressed
his family as follows :
“ Dearly beloved children ol sessions twain, and
yearling kids, attention :
“ I have been longing for this occasion, when from
my exalted throne I can tell you with what a feeling
of reluctance it is that I gather up this heap of dross
to waste upon myself and leave yourselves none. But
I can assure you that in relieving you of so much
filthy lucre I am doing a most benevolent act.
Money, as you know, is the root of all evil, and in
taking over this large sum I remove temptation from
you and lay myself open to the snares of the world,
the flesh and the devil. Truly I do all this for the love
I bear you.
“And now let me thank you for this splendid vas-
salage. I love to see you humbly stand and pour
your servile offerings at my feet. I know that you are
shortly to pass through trials and tribulations, but
with this great load removed, you will find that, hav-
ing followed the sage advice given as a free-will offer-
ing by me, you will emerge from the fray unscathed.
Gentlemen, the great and only ‘ Cook ’ thanks you.’’
The speech was received with vociferous applause.
Cook was picked up and bounced, passed up and down
over the heads of the students, and finally deposited
again on the platform, when he picked up his treasure
trove, and amid intense cheering left the hall with it
on his shoulder.
It is pleasant to know that the canvassing for the
Governor’s votes of the Montreal General Hospital
for the position of House Surgeon is a thing of the
past.
The pre.sent system as adopted a]short time ago, is a
fair one, as the applicants will be examined on Medi-
cal and Surgical subjects of a practical nature by the
Medical Board. The successful candidates will that
be elected by the Committee of Management as
recommended by the Medical Board.
CLASS NOTES— JUNIOR YEAR.
At a union meeting of the first three years, called
by the Juniors, the question of giving a dinner to the
graduating class was discussed. This custom has
fallen into disuse of late years, and many of us felt
the time had come when it should be revived. It
affords a very material and tasteful proof of our devo-
tion to those whose progress we have so long regarded
with pride and joy. After some discussion it was
regretfully decided not to give the banquet ; our
means fell far short of our esteem for the “ depart-
ing.” Should the new finance scheme prove a suc-
cess, we may hope that in the future the Faculty will
be able to send out her graduates not like orphans,
but properly “clothed (hooded) and fed.”
Why are the green writing pads given to the
Juniors ?
There is of course an Irish element in the class ;
we are rather proud of it, and we have also much
that is fresh and vigourous ; but for all that the colour is
open to misconception, and we would respectfully sug-
gest that the Faculty give it to the First Year — its
popular significance would then be retained.
SOCIETIES.
McGILL GLEE AND BANJO CLUB.
About 9 years ago this Club was first organized,
and, as is generally the case with young clubs, it has
had up-hill work. But that at last it has established
a reputation for itself has been fully proved by the
universal reception it has had wherever it has gone.
We hope and believe that in the near future old
McGill will rank amongst the first on the musical list
of the Canadian and American Universities. This
cannot be accomplished without the hearty co-opera-
tion of all her Faculties. Let this be a University
Club. Let Meds., Arts, Science and Law all join
together under the one name McGill.
The Secretary, O. S. Finnie, Sc. ’97, will be glad to
receive applications for membership for the ensuing
year as early as possible.
Y: W. C. A.
The subject of the meeting of March 6th was “Liv-
ing Epistles. ” Miss Vaudry drew our attention to the
difference between ordinary letters and the living
McGILL FORTNIGHTLY.
215
epistles. The mission of these was to brighten and
cheer the world. In the after remarks, Miss Krause
stated that our lives are the only Bibles which many
will read. Miss Smith gave a short account of how
Corea had been opened up to the missionaries
through the founding of a hospital. Owing to an un-
usual circumstance, the attendance was not so large as
might otherwise have been expected.
Miss Shaw conducted the meeting of Wednesday,
March 13th, of which the subject was “Character
Building.”
The paper on the text assigned, viz., I Cor. 3,
9-17, took up the important points, bringing in many
beautiful thoughts gathered from the text and other
passages.
The last meeting will be held Wednesday, March
20th, at 4 p.m. We would be glad to see our room
well filled.
DELTA SIGMA SOCIETY.
A week ago we gathered in our accustomed place
of meeting, to pay our last respects to this Society for
the session ’94-’95. It was with feelings of regret that
we thus met, for, thanks to the skilful hand that has
guided the Society’s course this year, all the meetings
have been thoroughly enjoyed. This last proved no
exception, for we found Miss Cameron’s essay^
“ Women Philanthropists,” very inspiring, and the
Impromptu Debate : “ Resolved, that college gowns
are common property,” was just as amusing as any
of our former attempts to be witty, convincing and
triumphant all in five minutes. Miss Cameron, the
retiring president, then spoke very modestly of her
work with the Society, wished it much success in the
future, and thanked the committee for their assist-
ance. This was the signal for a unanimous vote of
thanks to the speaker from the members present,
and when the applause had subsided the meeting
was adjourned.
applied science glee club.
The 4th annual meeting of the Applied Science
Glee Club was held on Monday, March nth, when
the following officers were elected for the ensuing
year : —
Hon.-President—Yxo'i. Nicolson,
Hon -Treasurer — Prof. McLeod.
President — G, R. McLeod, 97 *
Vice-President — Dufresne, ’96.
Secretary — J. B. McRae, 9^*
Treasurer, — Heustis, ’96.
The Treasurer’s report being read and adopted
showed the Club to be in a good financial condition.
There being no further business after the reading
of the following report, the meeting adjourned with a
vote of thanks to the retiring officers.
Fourth Annual Report of the Executive
Committee of the Applied Science Glee Club.
Mr. President and Gentlemen : —
Your committee, in presenting to you the 4th
annual report of the Applied Science Glee Club, are
glad to state that the past year has been as success-
ful, if not more so, than any previous one, both finan-
cially and otherwise, but still feel that there is room
for improvement.
It is felt that the Club depends too]much perhaps for
its strength and vim on outside affairs, such as the
drive and dinner, etc. ; and though the average attend-
ance at practices this year was 30 — a large 'gain
over any previous year — still, your committee would
strongly advise that the practices be in some way
brightened and made more agreeable in order to
secure an even larger attendance.
In Mr. Reyner the Club had a most capable and
obliging instructor, and too much cannot be said to
his credit for the able manner in which he conducted
the practices. His re-appointment for next year is
strongly recommended.
Your committee at the opening of the session
thought it would be advisable to supply the Club
with the words and music of the songs most generally
used, and intended having a selection of them spe-
cially printed ; but finding this impossible, they pur-
chased one dozen and a half Toronto song-books,
which have aided the Club very materially in its prac-
tices. (At that time the McGill Song-Book — as you
may STILL be aware — was “ not for sale.”)
The Annual Drive and Dinner was a complete
success, fifty-two men being present. This affair
has come to be looked upon by Science men as one
ofth'e most enjoyable features of the session, and it is
hoped that each year will see more and more interest
taken in it.
It was intended this year to give a smoking con-
cert, but owing to our instructor’s illness, and several
other matters of business, your committee thought it
would be unadvisable to attempt one, but hope that
it may take place next year, for in so doing they feel
that the Club will be placed on a surer and still
firmer basis.
Respectfully submitted on behalf of committee.
F. L. PACKARD,
Secretary.
YOUNG MEN’S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION.
This has been a year which will mark an epoch in
the history of the Association ; for the last decade
there has been the cherished hope that the Associa-
tion should occupy a building of its own, and at last
the realization has come, — not our ideal, by any means,
but on the opening of College next September we
2I6
McGILL FORTNIGHTLY.
shall be in possession of a portion of “ Our Building”
on Sherbrooke street, whose open doors will be a
standing invitation to the Students of McGill.
The property is held by a Board of Trustees, $7,
500 has been paid down, and the balance raised by a
$10,000 mortgage, the interest on which is met by the
rental of a large portion of the building ; in addition
to the amount paid in, $4,000 has been promised in
subscriptions, payable within three years, vvdiile the
balance ($6,000) remains to be yet subscribed by
friends of the Association.
The meeting on Sunday, March loth, was addressed
by Sir Wm. Dawson on “The Land of Canaan in
Joshuas time ; his personal appeal to the men pre-
sent to live manly lives, according to the type of
Joshua, was very strong. The closing address in the
series was that by Rev. S. P. Rose, D.D., on March
17th, “ Introduction to the Book of Joshua this ad-
dress was very apropos for the many who are follow-
ing out the systematic course of reading.
Sunday, March 24th, is “ Graduates Day, ” when
members of the graduating classes of each Faculty
will speak some farewell message. We trust there may
be a large attendance at this closing meeting for the
session.
It is a matter of great satisfaction that we can
announce the appointment of Mr. N. D. Keith, Arts
’95. as general secretary for the coming session ; Mr.
Keith will devote the greater part of his time to the
work, and we look forward to a year of marked pro-
gress along all lines.
The Northfield Conference of College Students will
be held during the first 10 days of July ; several of
our members are planning to be in attendance, and
we hope that McGill will have a strong delegation.
Any students who consider attending should com-
municate with the President at once.
Our attention has been called to a statement we
made in a circular recently issued, to the effect that
our Association is the only one doing religious work
in the University. We had no intention of ignoring
or disparaging the work that is being done by the
College Y.W.C.A. in the Donalda department. We
referred only to work amongst the men of the Uni-
versity.
EXCHANGES.
IVe beg to remind our College cotitemporaries that ex-
changes should be sent to Editor-in-chief, McGllx
Fortnightly, care McGill University Library.
With this issue of the Fortnightly the Exchange
Editor’s duties will ce »se, and he cannot lay aside his
pen without wishing all the papers which it has been
his privilege to review this session, long and prosper-
ous careers. Through them he has derived an in-
sight into the life of other colleges, which could have
been obtained in no other way, while his feeling of
friendship to sister universities has been much broad-
ened and enlarged. He sincerely hopes that next
year, his successor may find an equal amount of plea-
sure and benefit from the future exchanges that reach
McGill.
The Acadia Athenceuni contains a most interesting
oration at the unveiling of a tablet to the memory of
the late Professor Hartt of Acadia University. The
eloquent speaker showed his friend to have been a
brilliant scientist, and one of the leading geologists
of the day. Indeed, his career was brought to an
early close by his devotion to his work, for being ap-
pointed by the late Dom Pedro to make a geological
survey of Brazil, he fell a victim to yellow fever.
Dr. Perguson’s article on Diseases of the Bible is
concluded in the March number of The Knox College
Monthly. There is also a brief Outline History of
Psalmody, which, dealing with so comprehensive a
subject, necessarily merely touches upon the most
characteristic events from the time of David to the
present day. The heavier matter is interspersed by
poems of Miss Proctor’s, George Macdonald’s, and a
few lines from “rare Ben Jonson,” on Fame, which
we take the liberty of reproducing : —
Her house is all of echo made,
Where never dies the sound ;
And as her brows the clouds invade,
Her feet do strike the grounds
A very interesting account of Student Life at
Edinburgh University is the most striking article in
The Dalhousie Gazette. This is followed by a paper
on Walter Pater, containing,^;/ passant, spirited
condemnation of the custom of hazing. As is apt to
be the case with college papers, much of its matter is
of a personal character, more interesting to immediate
friends than outsiders.
The attention of anyone who is interested in
McGill, will naturally be attracted by a McGill man’s
Impressions of Queen’s, in Queen's University fournal,
While we do not consider that it would be good
taste on our part to criticize such an article, we
cannot refrain trom remarking that we regret the com-
parisons drawn in it.
Harvard of forty years ago is depicted in The
University Monthly. The rest of the paper is largely
taken up with stories, poetry, and personal matter,
which IS quite beyond our criticism.
This number of The Manitoba College Journal
devotes much space to the poets, Coleridge, Tenny-
son and Goldsmith all receiving notice in good articles
bearing their names.
Grace Hospital Gazette, as its name betokens, ap-
peals particularly to our medical friends. It is a neat
sheet, and we wish it all success in its effort to raise
funds for the hospital, whose name it bears.
We have to acknowledge also. Trinity University
Review, Kings College Record, The Mitre, The Pres-
byterian College Journal, The Red and Blue, The
Canadian Magazine, The Droghedean, The Collegium,
I he Bowdoin Orient, as well as several numbers of
Ihe Uasgow University Magazine, Th Student, and
1 he idciwcivd Daily News^
McGILL FORTNIGHTLY
III
Sole Agents for
REICHERT’S
Microscopes,
the best line SOLD in Canada.
A FULL LINE OF
SKULLS, SKELETONS,
STUDENTS’ Outfits
A SPECIALTY.
All Instruments guaranteed Highest Quality
and Finish.
PATERSON & FOSTER,
21 Phillips l§a*« Montreai.
TO ATHLETES.
Regulation
McGill Pootball.
Jerseys, Caps and
Stockings,
Running Shirts
and Pants,
English SpikedShoes,
Cymnasium Suits, ^
etc«, etc*
ALBERT DEMERS, 338 St James Street
McGill Crests Worked on Jerseys.
A, T. RRATT.
D, A. YOUNGm
Pratt & Young>,
TABI^CHANTS - TAILOI^S,
64 Beaver Hall Hilif
TELEPHONE 4693 . MONTE? EAL
GYRUS ASHFORD,
Bookseller & Stationer. 800 Dorchester SL,
Medical and other Text Books,
Students’ Note Books, Fountain Pens,
Montreal General Hospital Pharmacopoeia, - - 26c.
John iTurphy Dealer In
Artists* jVlaterials,
Fine Photographs? & ’ C.
STUDENTS’ SUPPLIES.
S301 St. Catlieriiie Street.
SPECIAL TO STUDENTS /
THIS IS McCILL WEEK AT
BANNISTER’S
NOTE SOME OF THE OFFERINGS:
Men’s Fine Calf Bals, Kazor Toe, Wing Top S2.00, Regular price ?3.00
Men’s “ “ Cong., Opera Toe, Goodyear 2 00, “ “ 3.00
Men’s “ “ Bals, “ “ “ 2 50, “ “ 3.50
YOU KNOW THE PLACE
Queen’s Block Shoe Siore,
Comer Victoria and St. Catherine Streets.
TELEPHONE 4105
It goes without siiylni) thnt~~-^a^^tL.
W ALFORD’S
is the favorite Studio with McGill. Class Pictures a specialty.
Photos of Professors on sale. *****
Our rates for Students are lOWCr than ever this year.
CORNER ST. CATHERINE AND VICTORIA STREETS.
WEDDING PRESENTS!
JOHN
WATSON,
2174 St, Catherine Street,
A few doors east of H. Morgan & Co.
Silver Ware and Plate of every description, Art Pottery
Doulton, Limoges and Dresden, Jewelry, Clocks,
Art Metal Work, Choice Selections,
Very moderate prices.
'jewelry and Watches Repaired
IV
McGILL FORTNIGHTLY
Oo.9
If ’ lil'f f
Hot Water, Steam & Sanitary Engineers
TO THE
P'l :: ' i 1 j,-j ffl
McGill Unioersity Buildings,
Royal Victoria Hospital,
Board of Trade Building.
Plans and Estimates Given on Application.
MOSES PARKER,
IRON FOUNDER,
19 to 29 Dalhousie Street,
MONTREAL.
ESTIMATES FURNISHED.
=-
Ah Orders will receive Personal Attention.
GEO. W. REED.
Bit ATE,, METAE QUAVEE ROQFIKQ,,
G. c£ J. ESPUN.
Box Manufacturers and
Lumber Merchants.
Office, 126 Duke St, - Montreal.
Passenger and Frsigfil
rrAn
uLIj
fH
M
llerBrosiloiis
106 KING ST.,
MONTREAL.
MgGASKILL, DOUGALL & GO.,
Manufacturers of the
Asphalt Flooring* for Basements.
783 and 785 Craig St, - MONTREAL.
ROBIN & SADLER
. . MANUFACTURERS OF .
OAK-TANNED LEATHER BELTING
IVIontrea,! £i,nd Toronto.
Our Belting in use throughout McGill
Technical School.
WIGHTON, MORISON & GO.
Masonry Contpact.or>.<i.
OFFICES 71 St. Peter St., Board of Trade Building,
YARDS — Corner Guy Street and G. T E.
RAILWAY
CARRIAGE
STANDARD J PIANO
FURNITURE
BOAT
UARNI5AES
Also “ZANZERINE,” House, School and
Church Varnishes.
OfiBces, 30 St- John St*, MONTREAL*
JAMES SHEARER,
ST. GABRIEL LOCKS
Manufacturer of Doors, Sashes, Blinds, Mouldings, and
all kinds of House and Steamboat work.
Satni Lumber of all kinds Always on Hand.
H. R. IVES & GO. E stablished 1859.
Artistic Wrought Iron Works,
Architectural Iron Works.
The BUFFALO HOT WATER HEATERS
General Founders, etc,
QUEEN STREET, ■ ■ MONTRE AL.
SHEARER & BROWN,
MANUFACTURERS OF
BUILDING, BRIDGE AND BOAT TIMBER
Dealers In F'g|^Plne, Tamara.,
Ohio Square White Oak always in Stock and Out to Order
OINT ST. CM ARISES, B^OMTME AE.
Are you taking “NAPOLEON?”
Have you any other part books in numbers ?
^ ^ «
IF SO. SEND IN FOR BINDING TO
JOHN LOVELL & SON.
23 St. Nicholas Street, - - - MONTREAL
J. K. M ACDONALD^^^
Practical House and Steamboat Bell-Hanger,
Locksmith and General Blacksmith, Electric
Lighting, Bells, Warehouse Telephones, &c.
Carpenters' and Builders' Work to Order.
LEGAL CARDS.
762 & 764 Craig Street,
West of Victoria Square,
MONTREAL
Bell Xeleplione 2591*
ROBERT MITCHELL & CO.
manufacturers
( CAS m ....
FIXTURES
ABBOTTS, CAMPBELL & MEREDITH,
3uIuocate.^, I^olicjtors, etc.
No. 11 Hospital Street, MONTREAL.
J, B. Abbott,
H. Abbott, Jr., Q.C.
H. J. Hague.
C. S. Campbell
F. E. Meredith
Telephone 1880.
Cable Address “Arcfost.*'
GIROOflRD, FOSTER. MARTIN 5 GIROOARD,
gidi'ocalw, barristers, ^oticifors, etc.
Guardian Assurance Building,
181 St. James Street, - MONTREAL.
D . GIROUARD, Q.C., M.P.
J. E. Martin.
Geo. G. Foster
D. H. Girouard
Hon. John S. Hall, Q.C., M.P.P.
Albert J. Brown.
Selkirk Cross, Q.C.
W. Prescott Sharp
^ ELECTRIC LIGRT
Engineers’, Plambers’, Gas and Steamfitters’ Goods.
HALL, CROSS, BROWN & SHARP,
Jidmicates, barristers and Solicitors,
TEMPLE BUILDING,
155 St- Jamos Street, ^ l^ONTRBAL-
Donald Macniaster, Q.C.
Farquhar S. Maclennan
OfiBce and Show Room 8 BLEURT,
Factory — ST. OUNE&ONDE.
W. & F. CURRIE &, GO.
Wholesal e General fflerrhaats,
lOO Grey Nun Street, MONTREAL
, . IMPORTERS OF . .
Scotch Glazed Drain Pipes
CHIMNEV TOPS, CANADA CEMENT,
VENT LININGS, WA TER LIME,
flue covers, whiting,
fire bricks, plaster of PARIS,
fire clay, borax,
PORTLAND CEMENT, CHINA CIJVY,
roman cement, Etc., Etc.
Montreal. i^ACMASTER & MECLENNAN
Julrocaies, Inrrlstors, etc.
THE TEMPLE,
manufacturers of . .
^ BESSEMER STEEL
SOFA, CHAIR and BED SPRINGS
A Large Stock always on Hand
St. James Street,
MONTREAL
McGIBBON & DAYIDSOH
gduoates, garmters, tk.
YORK LIFE BUILDING,
MONTREAL.
R. D. McGIBBON, Q.C-
PEERS DAVIDSON,
ROBERTSON, FLEET It FALCONER
157 St James Street,
MONTREAL.
ALBANI
GUILMANT
LLOYD
MARTEAU
“ENDORSED BY ALL THE ARTISTS WHO HAVE
EXAMINED THEM.”
Prattc Pianos
Manufactured and for sale only by
L F N PDIITTF Factory and Warerooms :
, L. II. NaH 1 I L, No. 1676 NOTRE DAME ST.
PELLETIER
DUCHARME
COUTURE
PRUME
FURNITURE
Bell Tel,
No. 3237.
AAA
FOR
Professors. Students
AT SPECIAL PRICES,
RENAUD, KING PATTERSON,
652 CRAIC STREET-
Geo. S. Hiniber
HOUSE, L; ^
SIGN and [P P¥in'l'£>f*
FRESCO
All kinds of Paper-Hangings in Stock.
2466 St. Catherine Street, MONTREAL.
•W". Xj. GOXjE,
(late with a. m, featherston)
— ~2244 St. Catherine Street
LADIES’. GENTS AND CHILDREN'S
GOOD
PALL and WINTER
A A A A A A
BOOTS
<^^a^Fine Footwear
$2.25, 2.75,3.50, 4.00 per pair.
Just the thing for Students.
Full assortment of RUBBERS and OVERSHOES
2337 and 2339
,ST. CATHERINE ST.
WM. r SMARDOn.
Gymnasium Shoes * * • *
Telephone 4161
ALWAYS IN STOCK
THE LINEN
STUDENTS’ HEADQUARTERS,
E. A. QEB TH,
2235 St. Catherine St., Queen’s Hall Block,
MONTREAL. : :
iMFonxKR X3nTTOV»o Oirpr3r*ci Wholesale
Hiqh-Class XldVdilCt Vjl^CLilb A^•D Retail.
Try G«rth'i Superior Smoking Tobaccos. Kyriazi Freres’ Egyptian Cigarettes.
Makes the Gentleman and the T^undr ying
Makes the Linen. Send yours to the bent
place
The Troy Steam Laundry Co.,
Tel, 666 -^^ 4 . W. HENRY, Manager.
Dibeot
OF
The NEW BOOK STORE does not keep McGill College Text Books
BUT you will find a Splendid Assortment of NOTE BOOKS and other requisites at
CHAPMAN’S BOOKS TORE,
2407 ST. CATHERINE STREET, 4 Doors Wes. 01 Peel.
TELEPHONE 3827.
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